Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay

Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay Dior JAdore Ad Campaign Review Essay An advertisement battle comprises of numerous adverts that are made to advance a specific item or thought. An advert affects the arrangement of visual pictures in the psyche of a beneficiary impacting their view of a thing or a thought. A business notice is planned for empowering the acquisition of a particular item. The nature of a commercial is estimated against its adequacy in its capacity to impact people’s conduct or assessment. For a business promotion, its prosperity is found in the expansion in buys because of the advert. Advertisements are introduced in either the sound structure on radios, or the visual structure in papers and magazines. They can likewise be in a blend of both as on TV and online video cuts. This report will clarify different pieces of an advert utilizing the Dior J’Adore scent as the case of reference. The Dior J’Adore Advert The freshest J’Adore was propelled on the fourth September 2011 so as to restore the Eau de Toilette brand and increment the familiarity with a film including the brand represetative Charlize Theron. Aside from Charlize, different on-screen characters, who included in the crusade, are Marilyn Monroe, Marlene Dietrich and Grace Kelly. The crusade was spread over the world in various media: online at their site, TV for a moment TF1, a French TV slot, and it was likewise in printed commercials. The crusade was commonly fruitful in all the nations it showed up (Annaud 2011). The advertisement begins with Theron showing up later than expected for the catwalk. She runs upstairs gowned in dark. At that point she enters, advancing rapidly passing all the individuals who don't appear to see her. She goes to the behind the stage, where she gets ready for the catwalk. There are different models, including Marlene, Grace and Marilyn, who are likewise bustling putting on cosmetics. The location of the catwalk and the anticipating swarm lays everything out for design. Theron enters the runway wearing a yellow outfit, a similar shading as the Eau de Parfum, which she conveys. The advert closes there leaving the customer to perceive what occurs next from that point as they watch the full brand film (Shapland 2011). Close by the TV and online promotion, there was a printed advert that showed up in magazines and papers. The promotion is an image of Theron and the aroma. Theron is wearing a similar outfit she wore on the runway in the TV plug. The primary print was done in France, be that as it may, the resulting prints made them wear distinctive garments and presenting in an unexpected way. As an afterthought, there is the name of the makers of the aroma: Dior (J’Adore 1 Dior adverts and plugs file n.d.). Characteristics of a Good Ad Campaign A promotion battle is generally done in a wide range of media. For example, Dior J’Adore was propelled online in different channels, including MSN’s channels, women’s channels, extravagance channels and Windows live messages that drove the clients to their site, where they viewed the promotion film. Publicizing in various sorts of media is planned for arriving at a wide gathering of individuals. Every one of this webpage urging individuals to visit J’Adore site (Microsoft Advertising restore the J’Adore Fragrance n.d.). Another quality of an advertisement battle is that it is propelled in different places simultaneously like on account of Dior J’Adore was propelled in a range of twenty four hours in fourteen nations. These nations included China, France, Korea, Argentine, Belgium, Mexico, Russia, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK and UAE. The nations are scattered over the world with even some being in very surprising mainlands. This implies the crusade covers an impressive zone topographically (Microsoft Advertising restore the J’Adore Fragrance n.d.). A promotion likewise can develop a passionate association with the cerebrum of the purchaser (10 standards for a fruitful advertisement n.d.). In the event that it makes a passionate encounter critical enough that it is recollected, this promotion, in its turn, reverberates with the crowd. This makes customers want to purchase the item as they can relate to it. Dior J’Adore associates with the cerebrum of the crowd as it starts at the passage of Charlize Theron, who is late for the catwalk. Being late is something that happens to some, in this manner, permitting the promotion to interface with the crowd. What's more, it has music playing close by, which additionally expands the incitement of feeling, which upgrades the memorability of the advert. Also, a promotion should be to a greater degree a discussion as opposed to a straightforward composition. In spite of the fact that there is no a very remarkable discussion going on in the Dior J’Adore notice because of the music that is remembered for the advertisement, there is an association among Charlize and different models getting ready in the behind the stage. Moreover, the models themselves appear to be in correspondence with their beauticians as they plan to make it catch the crowd more as though it was only a straightforward writing. An advertisement regularly includes superstars so as to catch the consideration of their intended interest group. Dior JAdore utilizes four on-screen characters. Charlize is the fundamental model in the ad, and she meets with others putting on their cosmetics and having their hair styled at the behind the stage (Mackalski 2012). What's more, for the print advert, Theron is as yet the substance of the fragrance. The fanatics of a specific superstar will purchase an item since they partner with the specific item. A promotion should guarantee a prize for the crowd. For a promotion to be powerful, it needs to guarantee the crowd that in the event that they proceed with they will get a prize. On the off chance that the crowd gets the fundamental message toward the start, at that point they won't be keen on finishing and get all the subtleties (10 models for an effective advertisement n.d.). Dior acknowledges this reality, and that is the reason they just offer a fifteen second understanding to the full film on their landing page. This makes an idea in the psyche of the purchaser that on the off chance that they go to the site, they will get the award of viewing the entire film and realize what the entire film is about. An advertisement mirrors a company’s character. An advertisement offers the organization a chance to demonstrate explanations behind it to be preferred or regarded. It is better than the salesman in showing the company’s character. A muddled promotion will show that the entire organization works in a scattered way, and every one of its viewpoints is chaotic (10 rules for an effective advertisement n.d.). A promotion that is brimming with gloating and flaunting shows that the organization is conceited and couldn't care less about the clients of their items. A dull advert shows that the organization probably won't be at speed with the most recent turn of events. As far as the J’Adore crusade, it is exuberant and shows the tastefulness. As to print advert, the foundation is additionally restrictive as it is equivalent to in the TV advert. The advertisement is clear and splendid, pulling in the eye of the peruser. This makes those, who acknowledge extravagance, simil ar to it. This clarifies the achievement the crusade had in China, where extravagance adverts are genuinely esteemed. Mzoughi and Abdelhak encourage that a visual figure in the promotion has more impact on the psychological symbolism than verbal figures (Mzoughi Abdelhak 2011, p. 258). This can clarify that the achievement of the battle is owing to the solid visual figure. The impact of the promotion is more than what might have been accomplished if rather somebody just advised motivations to watch the film or even buy the fragrance. This likewise clarifies the accomplishment of the print advert as it has a solid picture that draws in the consideration of the peruser. As per Mzoughi and Abdelhak (2011, p. 259), the accomplishment of an advert relies upon the disposition of the shopper towards it. As per the examination, the accomplishment of an advert isn't influenced by the visual or vertical talk in the promotion. This is to state that the achievement of any commercial ought not be ascribed exclusively to the inventiveness in the notice. The shopper supposedly is with practically all control of whether the commercial succeeds or not. The Dior crusade should, along these lines, value the positive picture that the organization has made after some time by giving quality items. Portions of a Visual Advertisement It is made of four sections, to be specific the heading, a focal visual, the company’s logo and body duplicate. The feature is a piece of the substance in an advert that a customer finds so as to comprehend what the promotion is passing on. It catches the remarkable nature of the item. The feature should be cunning, shrewd, amusing and forthright so as to pass the primary thought of the advert obviously. Now and again, when the visual conveys emphatically, at that point the feature isn't required (Bear 2013). Dior J’Adore has an appealing heading on that is written in intense letters, however it isn't amazing that it gets the enthusiasm of those, who visits this site, since it incorporates the name of popular on-screen character, Charlize Theron in the heading. In the print advert, the visual is solid, so the heading is excluded. The subsequent part is the visual: Dior J’Adore has a film that highlights four entertainers. The principle model in the promotion shows up after the expected time for the catwalk and finds the others in progress their planning. She prepares herself, at that point strolls the runway conveying a jug of the aroma, which she presents to the anticipating individuals and columnists (Diderich 2011). The magazine and papers have the photograph of the jug of the scent next to each other with Theron, the essence of J’Adore. Another urgent piece of a promotion is the company’s logo. Its motivation is to illuminate the crowd, who is selling the item or administration. The printed variant of the promotion has the logo of Dior J’Adore remembered for the picture with the goal that anybody, who sees the advertisement, becomes more acquainted with the organization that made the fragrance. In this advertisement, the character is high

Ceasar Charater Analysis Essays - , Term Papers

Ceasar Charater Analysis Character Analysis Antony- What Cassius says about Antony: ?You know not what?that which he will express Pg. 582 lines 233-236. This shows the plotters fear what Antony will say in his address to the horde. Cassius is attempting to make Brutus see what Antony is truly up to, however Brutus is excessively up to speed in respect to take note. What Antony does: He addresses the group causing them to feel sorry for him, embarrassed about themselves, and loathe the plotters. He makes them go into a furious fury in scene 3. What Antony feels: ?O excuse me thou?gentle with these butchers.? Pg. 582 lines 254-236. Antony has made an arrangement with the schemers that have executed his closest companion. This statement is after the schemers have left, and he is conversing with the carcass of Caesar. He spills his actual goals and gives expression of his counter intrigue. He feels that despite the fact that the men are decent, that they have butchered a man that could have been prevailed upon and brought out of what it was he fouled up. What Antony says: ?Let each man render me his bleeding hand?My credit currently remains on such tricky ground that one of two terrible ways you should pride me?.? Pg. 580 lines 184-194 He drives the plotters on to confide in him, when actually, he needs to have the option to address the horde. He utilizes a horrible quip with the goal that he recognizes what he is discussing, yet the schemers imagine that he is essentially discussing the blood on the ground being elusive. Caesar- What Caesar says: ?Et t? Animal? At that point fall Caesar!? Pg. 577 line 77 Caesar is stunned that Brutus, his most steadfast companion would do this. His veil falls off now and shows his own face. All through the play, he has put himself as an egotistical authority, and just when he is around his companions does he show his actual personality. This is so significant on the grounds that denotes the moment that Caesar's soul enters Antony's retribution. The play goes to its peak in this line. What Caesar does: Caesar won't let Publius Cimber once again into Rome. He, as it were, slaughters himself by the manner in which he reacts. He puts himself up as a divine resembling man and nearly says he is in charge of his own fate. This gives the backstabbers last motivation to execute him, and they do. What Antony says about Caesar: Through his discourse, Antony shows the entirety of Caesar's acceptable attributes, and assaults the ?terrible? ones. He says that Caesar was liberal, utilizing the will as a demonstration of that, and he expresses that Caesar would sob with the individuals if at any point the individuals sobbed. The Mob What the horde says: ?It is regardless, his name is Cinna. Pluck however his name out of his heart, and turn him going.? Pg. 593 lines 30-31 The horde couldn't care less that Cinna isn't a schemer. He simply is sadly and amusingly the main they unearth. Increasingly unexpected is that his name is equivalent to one of the plotters. The misunderstanding of names can be savage, and this is evidence of it. What the crowd does: ?Tear him, tear him! Come, brands. Ho, torches to Brutus', to Cassius'! Consume all. Consume Decius' home and some to Casca's, some to Ligarius'. Away, go!? Pg. 593 lines 32-33. They murder the honest Cinna in light of the fact that he, grievously, has a similar name as a backstabber. The crowd treats him profanely and unjustifiably, and he is executed therefore. Antony had irritated the horde up, before this grievous scene. They were caused to feel sorry for Antony and embarrassed they had disavowed Caesar. They were after the plotters. At the point when they defy Cinna, Shakespeare shows them as a canny Roman horde. Indeed, even the best of individuals can be terrible in enormous gatherings. They severely murder Cinna and have no regret thereafter. What Brutus thinks about the horde: Brutus imagines the crowd as a smart gathering of Romans. This is his blemish. He believes that the residents will acknowledge his scholarly way to deal with the homicide. He has put it on a higher plane that the crowd can't see, so they are left befuddled and powerless against Antony's discourse. Brutus What Brutus says:

Coping With Symptoms Through Expressive Writing

Coping With Symptoms Through Expressive Writing BPD Living With BPD Print Manage Your Symptoms Through Expressive Writing By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Updated on October 21, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions For people with psychological problems like borderline personality disorder (BPA), various types of expressive writing have been shown to have a positive impact. People have used journaling as a means of expressing their feelings and healing for centuries. If you are struggling with a mental illness, expressive writing may be a useful addition to your therapy. What Is Expressive Writing? Expressive writing is hard to define because it is essentially anything you want it to be. There are no complicated rules or elaborate style guidelines. It is simply the act of writing about your personal experiences in order to better recognize and understand your own perceptions, feelings, and responses. Expressive writing can take many forms. For example, you could keep a traditional paper diary or you could launch a blog that functions as an online journal. One day you may write in prose, other days you may write poetry. Choose whatever you feel most comfortable with. There is evidence that expressive writing is helpful whether or not you share that writing with someone else, so if you want to keep it private that is perfectly fine. Why Is It Helpful? Researchers are not entirely sure why expressive writing is helpful, but there are a few theories that may explain why it works. First, it may help you to make sense of what is happening in your life. It may be a way to better process and think through the meaning of events and how you want to respond. Expressive writing may also help you express pent up emotions about things that have happened. For those with borderline personality disorder, this can be a useful way to manage intense feelings and curb harmful impulses.   Finally, expressive writing that is shared with others may give you a sense of social support. It feels good to share your writing and get positive feedback or have others let you know that they have been through similar circumstances. Journal Your Way out of Anxiety What Should I Write About? You can write about anything you want. Usually, people choose to write about events that are of personal importance. They are often events that are at least mildly emotional or are personally relevant for any number of reasons. For example, you might write about a stressful event that is happening in your life now  or an important event in your childhood. Perhaps you want to write about how you perceive aspects of your relationships, your work life, or your spiritual life. The topic isn’t as important as how you write about it. Expressive writing is probably most helpful when you write about a topic in depth. This means that rather than writing about the superficial or surface qualities of an event, you really delve into the emotional aspects of the event. For example, ask yourself: How were you feeling at different points in the event?What were you thinking?What physical sensations did you have?How did this event impact how you see yourself, other people, the world, or your futureWhat does this event now mean about you? Why Bullet Journal Can Be So Effective A Word From Verywell If you’ve never tried expressive writing before, it may feel a little strange or awkward at first. It is definitely a skill that requires a bit of practice before it begins to feel comfortable. Before you start, it may help to check out some examples from others.

Lysistrata Analysis Essay - 1297 Words

â€Å"Lysistrata† is a tale which is centered around an Athenian woman named Lysistrata and her comrades who have taken control of the Acropolis in Athens. Lysistrata explains to the old men how the women have seized the Acropolis to keep men from using the money to make war and to keep dishonest officials from stealing the money. The opening scene of â€Å"Lysistrata† enacts the stereotypical and traditional characterization of women in Greece and also distances Lysistrata from this overused expression, housewife character. The audience is met with a woman, Lysistrata, who is furious with the other women from her country because they have not come to discuss war with her. The basic premise of the play is, Lysistrata coming up with a plan to put an†¦show more content†¦The old men protest how the women they have nourished all these years have turned against them and seized a sacred shrine. Although, while the men are busy with their smoking logs, the women walk in carrying pitchers of water which they will pour over the fires which the men have set. The old men and old women trade insults, but the women will not back down, and they empty their water over the heads of the old men. When the magistrate arrives, he tells the men the women’s behavior is the result of the men spoiling their women and treating them with gentleness when they do not deserve to be cherished. The magistrate orders the men to force open the doors, but he moves to a safe distance to watch. When the doors are forced open, Lysistrata emerges. The magistrate orders her arrested, but the policeman is too intimidated by Lysistrata to arrest her. The other women join Lysistrata in defying the policemen, who are too cowed to follow the magistrate’s orders to seize the women. The magistrate responds to the women’s actions with a claim, they shall never lose to women and the newly brave police attack the women, but they are soon beaten off and in retreat. The women say they can administer the money, since they are used to administering the household money. Lysistrata also tells the magistrate how the women have been patient while the men got ready for the war and refused to listen to any advice.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Play Lysistrata 1818 Words   |  8 Pages2017 ENGL-235 Final Paper What is the Role of the Chorus in Lysistrata? The play Lysistrata, written by Aristophanes is named after a female character in the known history of classical Greece. The name Lysistrata also mean â€Å"Destroyer of the War†. The play was staged in 411 BC in Athens. The play is known as a comedy and provides a solution to the Athenian War with Sparta which is also known as the Peloponnesian War. In the play, Lysistrata has gathered up and planned a meeting with all the womanRead MoreAnalysis Of Lysistrata And Homers The Iliad1120 Words   |  5 Pagesin many elements and is hence reinforced through the diversity and authenticity of the ancient Greek tales. It is through the ancient Greek tales, that the true depiction and discernment of the ancient Greek society comes to life. Aristophaness Lysistrata and Homer’s The Iliad are examples of the ancient Greek tales that tell stories of the social, religious, cultural and moral theories that reflect the ancient Greek society. Through the societal aspects, like war, l ove, courage and the role of womenRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Bow From The Odyssey And The Lysistrata1207 Words   |  5 Pagesfilms. Another great piece of literature is the Lysistrata which could be argued to be a feminist play that sought to empower women even if it was filled comedic breaks be it a scene full of men with enraged boners..both of these works used a number symbols to portray hidden themes in the book to not anger the Kings and Queens of that era. Two things from these works stand out in particular, The bow from the Odyssey and the loom from the Lysistrata are both powerful tools to show that the class systemRead MorePower And Sexual Power In Shakespeares Lysistrata811 Words   |  4 PagesIn the greek play, Lysistrata, the women characters use a variety of different tactics to exercise control over the men in their society. The most obvious type of power they use, is sexual power. Though the play revolves mainly around them abstaining from sex to manipulate the m en, they also use political, economic, and physical power to achieve their goals and gain control. The most prevalent power the women in the play use is sexual in nature. Their goal is to end the Peloponnesian War betweenRead MoreDrama Is Not Just Composed By The Actors Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagespretty important role in drama, and it also has different functions in different storyline, and promotes the process of the story. Its location is irreplaceable. This paper will take the scripts, which are Lysistrata (Aritophanes) and Despatch (Angie Farrow, 2015) as the example, comparative analysis the role of the chorus in this two scripts. It will discuss the narrative device of the ‘chorus’ functions. The way to help the story of the play telling by chorus and allow the narrative to unfold willRead More Comedic Violence in The Medea, The Oresteia, and Antigone Essay2353 Words   |  10 Pagesviolence and action in the overall storyline. Between Greek tragedy and comedy, every aspect of violence is different, and the ramifications of this disagreement are far-reach ing.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A first comparison of violence between The Medea and Lysistrata leads to an important and ironic conclusion. In The Medea, violence is a pivotal component of the storys message. Medea herself is easily the most physically violent character in the story, and her methods in its plot resort to pain and death whenRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 PagesShakespeares Falstaff questions the value of: honor 1.   ( T or F ) Aristotle considered plot more important than character or thought. True 2.   ( T or F ) Aristotle was both a theater critic and a philosopher. True 3.   Aristotles famous analysis of tragedy is found in a work called: The Poetics 4.   Aristotles work on comedy is how long? 5 acts long 5. What did the Commedia dellearte specialize in? 6.   What is satire? a literary genre or form, although in practice it is also foundRead Moresecond sex Essay13771 Words   |  56 Pageswhy did she fail to gain a lasting power? To revenge herself on Jason, Medea killed their children; and this grim legend would seem to suggest that she might have obtained a formidable influence over him through his love for his offspring. In Lysistrata Aristophanes gaily depicts a band of women who joined forces to gain social ends through the sexual needs of their men; but this is only a play. In the legend of the Sabine women, the latter soon abandoned their plan of remaining sterile to punish

Goffman s Theory Of Sociology And Anthropology - 1549 Words

Breanna Legleiter AP Psychology Mr. Schumacher 10 November 2014 Erving Goffman INTRODUCTION Erving Goffman was born in Mannville, Alberta on June 11, 1922. He was born to his Ukrainian Jewish parents, Max and Ann. They were part of the Ukrainians that migrated to Canada between 1897 and 1914. He and his sister, Frances, were raised in Dauphin, near Winnipeg. Goffman attended St. John’s Technical High School. He showed an interest in chemistry and went on to study chemistry at the University of Manitoba in 1939. In 1943 and 1944 Goffman worked at the National Film Board in Ottawa. While there, he met Dennis Wrong. Dennis Wrong encouraged Goffman’s interest in sociology. Soon after, Goffman enrolled at the University of Toronto, where, under the guidance of C.W.M. Hart and Ray Birdwhistell, he read widely in sociology and anthropology† (Fine and Manning). Goffman was influenced by the writings of Durkheim, Radcliffe-Brown, Warner, Freud, and Parsons. At the University of Toronto, Goffman developed a close friendship with anthropologist Elizabeth Bott. Gof fman graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in sociology in 1945. He moved to the University of Chicago for graduate work. He was initially overwhelmed by the transition and his grades were not extraordinary at the beginning of his graduate work. The University of Chicago was more hectic and confusing than the University of Toronto. After a few years, Goffman finally settled into the life of graduate work.Show MoreRelatedAll the Worlds a Stage, the Dramaturgy1119 Words   |  5 PagesAll The World’s a stage â€Å"All the world s a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances; And one man in his time plays many parts† Shakespeare. Although Shakespeare wasn’t a sociologist, I think this quote profoundly sounds like Ervine Goffman’s ideas of dramaturgy and impression management. I agree with both Shakespeare and Ervine. We all have a part to play in this world and we do play it. To me Ervine Goffman’s ideas about self and dramaturgy areRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pages What does Sociology have to do with me? Why do people think or act differently than you? Why are some people rich while others are poor? Why do some commit crimes, break laws and others do not? These are all some of the questions students need an answer to, which led them to enrol to this course. â€Å"Sociology is the scientific study of individuals in groups, organizations, c ultures and societies; and of the interrelationships of individuals, group, organizations, cultures and societies.† (KennedyRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins of Sociology Ashley Drees Ivy Tech Community College Professor Brosmer April 10,2016 What is Sociology Sociology  is the  study of  social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Sociology is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective Read MoreInteraction Ritual by Erving Goffman1369 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Erving Goffman (1922-1982) held the position of Benjamin Franklin Professor of Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania. He served as President of the American Sociological Association in the year leading up to his death in 1982. Goffman is considered as the pioneer of the study of face-to-face interaction and has made a substantial contribution to micro-sociology. He is recognised as a major figure in the symbolic interaction perspective. In 2007 he was listedRead MorePresentation of self outline Essay1990 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Critical appreciation: Erving Goffman; The presentation of self in everyday life. Erving Goffman was one of the most important Sociologists in the 20th century who focussed his study on aspects of social life. It is often argued that Goffman was â€Å"one of the twentieth century’s most remarkable practitioners of social science† (Smith, 2006:1). He was born on the 11th June 1922 in Alberta, Canada. His parents were Jewish and part of the group of Ukrainians who moved to Canada before the beginningRead MoreHow Linguistic Ethnographers Blommaert And. Borba Conceptualize Ethnographic Research?867 Words   |  4 PagesREFERENCES Androutsopoulos, J. (2014) Mediatization and Sociolinguistic Change. Berlin-Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH Bauman, R. Briggs, C. (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology (19) 59-88 Blommaert, J. (2015) Pierre Bourdieu and language in society. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies #126. At www.tilburguniversity.edu Blommaert, J. (2005) Bourdieu the Ethnographer – The ethnographic Grounding of Habitus and Voice. TheRead MoreStructural Functionalist Theory Of Society1648 Words   |  7 PagesStructural-Functionalist theory. This theory states that everything in society is but a small part of a much larger, more complex system and that all things are related meaning that when the whole s needs are met, the individual s needs are also met (Schaefer, 2015). The idea is that individualism is allowed, although deterred and closely watched because if the individual is to stray too far, the whole will suffer in turn causing other individuals to suffer. Another explanation for this theory given by WittRead MoreAlternative Learning Systems9735 Words   |  39 PagesArticles Sociology of the Prison Classroom: Marginalized Identities and Sociological Imaginations behind Bars Teaching Sociology 39(2) 165–178 Ó American Sociological Association 2011 DOI: 10.1177/0092055X11400440 http://ts.sagepub.com Kylie L. Parrotta1 and Gretchen H. Thompson1 Abstract The authors use sociology of the college classroom to analyze their experiences as feminists teaching sociology courses in the ‘‘unconventional setting’’ of prison. Reflective writing was used to chronicle experiencesRead MoreProfessional Student4171 Words   |  17 PagesChapter 1: Understanding Sociology 1. The scientific study of social behavior and human groups is known as A. psychology. B. political science. C. anthropology. D. sociology. Answer: D 2. Sociology A. is the scientific study of social behavior and human groups. B. focuses primarily on how social relationships influence people’s behavior. C. focuses on how societies develop and change. D. all of these Answer: D 3. The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between theirRead MoreLanguage as a Social Construction of Reality.4593 Words   |  19 PagesReality: Spinning Social Reality with Euphemisms Steve Eliason Montana State University, Billings ABSTRACT This paper describes an exercise I use in my introductory sociology classes that introduces students to language and the social construction of reality process. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is widely taught in introductory sociology classes and suggests that we perceive the world in terms of our own language, and that individual languages produce different and distinct realities for those who speak

The Hidden Power of Their Intense Fragility Free Essays

Almost every human being born on our planet was given a gift of romantic love at least once in a lifetime. Being in love is the condition when even the most hardened pragmatics feel themselves capable of temerarious deeds in order to impress their beloved, to make him or her smile. And during this period, most of us, people dream about writing a poem in honor to of the object of passion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hidden Power of Their Intense Fragility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of us even write the products of this inspiration down, but after reading them, we understand it’s no more than a bunch of words linked by that little understanding of rhyme most of us possess. Fortunately, Edward Estlin Cummings didn’t belong to that talentless majority. His poems dedicated to the beloved women brought joy and pleasure not only to their hearts and minds, but also to the souls of thousands of the worshippers of poetry. Quite a bunch of love poems went out from under his formidable pen, but the one, called ‘Somewhere i have never traveled, gladly beyond’ is one of the most well-known ones. Scientists argue for whether his once wife was the inspiration for this work of art, or it was some other women, but still this piece of poetry expresses the things most of the man would like to say to their beloved woman, but couldn’t find the words to do it. Some men are afraid to fall in love with a woman, as they feel as the object of their feelings will be able to take control of their life. They are afraid of that ‘power of †¦ intense fragility’ that every woman possesses over the man who loves her. Edward Estlin Cummings wasn’t scared to be possessed by those hands, which are smaller than the rain’s, it’s rather that he gave himself into the hands of his bellowed woman, getting all the possible positive experience from this condition. When I first read this poem a word for the woman, described in the poem came to my mind, which was â€Å"mistress†, a woman, whose power is in her fragility. This poem is written by a first person narrator, the author describes his own feelings towards the object of his passion. The author of the poem is marveled by the impact that woman makes on him. Thus, the tone of the poem is admiring and even a little worshipping. The person who decides to get acquainted with the Cummings’s poems should remember that this writer uses an extremely rich imagery system in his verses. Some of the researchers even claim that â€Å"the love poetry of E. E. Cummings is well known for specifically using flowers to describe a woman’s sexuality or the innermost `self. †(Everything2 Website). And it’s true, that in the ‘Somewhere i have never traveled, gladly beyond’ he uses two main image systems which are human anatomy and nature. He compares his woman with flowers in order to emphasize her tenderness and beauty. One more characteristic feature of Cummings’s poetry which’s clearly expressed in the ‘Somewhere i have never traveled, gladly beyond’ is paraphrasing. The writer sometimes ignores the rules of the English language in order to express his feelings, to make the reader understand better the feelings and emotions that overfill him. The unconventional sound of his phrases make the reader return to them again and again in order to understand why the author had organized his writings in such a way, which gives the reader better chance to understand the message expressed by the author. As this poem is a lyric, and it’s written in an open form, some critiques say it is of no great value, but most poetry lovers value the artistic and imagery filling of the poem much higher than its conformity to the common poetry standards. In the first four lines of the poem the author explains he feels that the object of his feelings possesses the knowledge of something the writer never had any idea of, something really simple, but impossible to understand for him, ‘which (he) cannot touch because they are too near’. The next quatrain tells us this woman is capable of revealing the deepest feelings and thoughts the author has just by being near him. In the next eight lines the poet explains the nature of her power, which’s her ‘intense fragility’. In the closing quatrain Cummings tells that her beauty is one more source of her power. ‘your slightest look will easily unclose me though i have closed myself as fingers’ – the poet writes. In this lines the concept is expressed that has been proved by the experience of centuries. Through all the history of the humankind, which was created, as it’s officially thought by man, women had influenced all that crucial decisions that changed the lives of millions of people on the Earth. It often happened that the mistresses, wives or sultanas were those, who actually ruled the states because of the tremendous influence they had on their man. The older I become, the more I understand about the woman’s influence on their husbands, sons and brothers. My mother has never openly opposed any of my decisions, even if they were wrong and harmful in her opinion. She always agreed with my claims at first, but than, gradually, she made me think about the reasons why I wanted to do this or that thing, and about the consequences of my actions. Her ‘intense fragility’ was the way she used to make the man in her family act sensible and rightful. The men have always been the thrillseekers. The nature of this longing is nowadays explained by the biologists and genetics, but women knew that for thousands of years, maybe even on some subconscious level. For the man to be interested with the woman her eyes should ‘have their silence’ ‘somewhere (he) have never traveled’, ‘gladly beyond any experience’. And it’s quite understandable for me, as in my opinion the communication between the partners should enrich both of them, and it’s impossible when they knew each other thoroughly. It is said that all of those, who are deeply in love, are like the blind, they are sick with their happiness. The man, who loves is ready to get the star from the night sky for his darling, or to dedicate her wonderful poem. Those, who are really in love, are really happy, as they know for sure they’ll be together forever. Edward Estlin Cummings and his wife Anne Barton got divorced in a year after this poem was written. Their relationship didn’t survive the period needed for the ink this poem was first written with to fade. Still, today, dozens of years after the death of the poet, his wife and their relationship we open the book to read: ‘the voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses nobody, not even the rain, has such small hands’ How to cite The Hidden Power of Their Intense Fragility, Papers

Examine the dramatic techniques Miller uses in A View From The Bridge Essay Example For Students

Examine the dramatic techniques Miller uses in A View From The Bridge Essay Examine the dramatic techniques Miller uses in A View From The Bridge and how effectively they convey the social context and central themes in the play. In the 1950s, New York was a diverse cultural melting pot; because it was a magnet for immigrants both legitimate and illegal. The myth of The American Dream and The Land Of The Free had spread all around the world. To the people of those countries hit hardest by the post war recession, such as Italy and Ireland, the stories about America and New York in particular as a place where, if one could only work hard, one would be rewarded with wealth beyond counting, were believed absolutely. Of course, when the immigrants finally arrived at their destination, they often found that the reverse was true and most immigrant communities were extremely poor. At the time within which the play is set, there were great social and cultural changes taking place across the whole of American society. Although World War 2 had ended with America amongst the victors, the Korean War and the threat of global communism made many Americans suspicious of the newest wave of immigrants and conversely, whilst the Americans were experiencing a post war boom, and a freedom to enjoy many luxuries and much more leisure time at this time Hollywood, at least, discovered the concept of a teenager, a previously unspecified age group; after the austerity of the pre war and war years, as a nation, the fear of communism, a political ideology that works in direct opposition to the capitalism upon which the American economy and therefore its wealth, is based which found expression in the witch hunts orchestrated by Senator Macarthy, also led to an upsurge in racism. Racism institutional and otherwise, found its expression in the ruthless use of immigrant labour for all the worst paid and unprotected or dirtiest jobs going. It also ensured that the immigrants would be the last people who would be employed before the entire American born men and women. It was into these circumstances that most newly arriving immigrants found themselves. Another cause of potential conflict, between the emerging immigrant communities and the wider America, was the clash of value systems. The Immigrants often had old-fashioned ideas regarding e.g.: the role of women in society, and the importance of religion etc. The playwright, Arthur Miller, worked in an inner city factory, close to the district of Redhook and it is there that he learned about the Longshoremen, their culture and values, the way they lived and the underlying codes by which they Italian immigrants brought with them from their country of origin, Italy, and more especially Sicily, an Italian Island situated in the Mediterranean, at the foot of Italy all abided. It was here that Miller first heard the stories of the Italian code of honour, and what happens when that code is violated or broken, and he used this information as  the basis for his play. A View from the Bridge focuses on the plight of the Italian immigrants, living in the mainly Italian community of Redhook, and on one story, that of Eddie and his family. Arthur Miller demonstrates the poverty of this particular Italian Immigrant family, at the beginning of Act 1, in his stage description of the apartment that Eddie, Beatrice and Catherine are living in. The apartment is described as having only three rooms: a kitchen, a bedroom, and a living area. All the drama takes place in the living area and the kitchen and bedroom are not seen. The living area is very bare with little in the way of furniture. The only item which does not fit in is a phonograph, probably the only luxury the family enjoys. The playwright uses the structure of a Greek tragedy, such as those written by Sophocles, Oedipus Rex and Antigone. Originally these plays were only one Act long and women, though sometimes integral to the plot, as a device to move the story along or to shock the audience, they were usually of no major importance. Miller expands the classical role of women, using them so as to include more themes; and also to introduce topical issues of the time, such as the changing status of women in general in the post war period. "Everyday Use" EssayEddie: What job? Shes gonna finish school. But Eddie and Miller also realises that the myth Everybody could be president is unrealistic as shown in Arthur Millers play Death Of A Salesman Rodolpho as well as the enthusiasm of the young and new also shows the lack of wisdom that experience can bring and Miller shows us this by having him spend all his wages on material things when he knows that his brother Marcos children are starving back in Italy. You can have too much of a good  thing and Miller seems to be saying that all capitalism isnt good, just as maybe all communism isnt bad. This comparison could be one of the reasons that Miller was indighted by the HUAC, and eventually convicted of contempt of Congress, for refusing to name names, however this conviction was subsequently overturned by the U.S. court of appeals. In his life Arthur Miller did not break the code of Omerta silence but he has Eddie break the code and shop his immigrant family to the authorities. The telephone box represents the device which breaks the code, another fairly modern piece of technology for the time and perhaps Miller is also saying that the relentless march of technology isnt without its own problems. Today we could cite the controversy over G.M. foods or embryo research as pieces of scientific progress which some feel are a bridge too far. Alfieri who features through the play as a sort of narrator , fulfilling the function of a Greek chorus, though an unreliable one because he is emotionally involved: Alfieri: ..You wont have a friend in the world. even the ones who feel the same will despise youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦put it out of your mind! Eddies actions in going against not just his culture and his family or traditions but also in breaking mentally at least the unwritten sexual codes ultimately lead to his demise. Did Miller believe that he would die if he broke the code and named names or did he think that the HUAC would have him executed? There is a pervading sense of fear throughout the play, which perhaps reflects how Americans themselves felt at the height of the cold war. Will the world end tomorrow in a nuclear holocaust? Finally, Eddie is damned. He has lost all status in his community, this is represented by Eddies preoccupation with loosing his name: Eddie Wipin the neighbourhood with my name like a dirty rag! When Marco comes to get Eddie, he shouts his name three times Peter in the bible denies Jesus three times; when Miller was asked about this he said it was a desperate attempt to cry out against non existence. Could this be something to do with the pressure that Miller was under at the time. If the HUAC found him guilty he could be black listed and therefore forced into unemployment, his plays unread, unstaged; himself reduced to poverty, his whole life lost. Eddie knows he will die but he wants his identity back before he goes. This is a constant theme of the play, the importance of ones status within society. When Eddy is finally dying the setting is very like a Greek tragedy, from the position of the women actors and stage directions to the way all the protagonists are on the stage. In conclusion, this play is about the driving forces behind the history of the period between the end of the World war 2 and  the beginning of the new age of technology and the permissive sixties, such as the status of women, race, immigration, change and culture clash, fear of annihilation, fear of loss of public freedom; but there are also echoes throughout the play of Arthur Millers personal life. The name of the play itself A View From The Bridge might be the bridge between the old and new cultures; the distance between the Russians and Americans in ideology; the, sometimes huge gulf between men and women, the struggle for the young to tear off the shackles of the old which bind them. The competition between a material physical reality and a more spiritual reality.

Words Essays - Parts Of Speech, Adverb, Adjective, Verb, Copula

Words WORDS the ones we continuously misuse and confuse Luke Bobek Final Paper Semantics 04/25/00 Why write a paper on some obscure and complicated subject that you won't remember what you wrote two days after you turn the paper in? All that time on the computer and in the library finding information on something you are interested in only because of a grade. Then say you put in fifteen hours in on a paper and you get a C, you feel like you wasted your time. Well, I've decided to write this paper on something that really caught my attention, something I that really interested me. While I was researching my previous topic for this paper, Language in Advertising and the Psychology Behind It, I came across a web site dedicated to commonly confused words. After reading a few I felt really stupid because I didn't know the difference between a number of the sets of words. I then went on a hunt for other sites that featured commonly confused words, and I found a ton. I decided to ditch the old topic and write the paper on commonly confused words. It subject relates to the course and int rigues me. I've compiled a list of the most commonly confused words which starts on the next page. 1) Affect / Effect Affect is a verb meaning ? to influence or change.? Effect is usually a noun meaning ? result.? (3) 2) Accuracy / Precision Accuracy is the agreement between the true value and the result obtained by the measurement. Precision is the agreement among repeated measurements of the same quantity. (1) 3) Alright / All right Alright is not a word. All right is two words. (1) 4) Allusion / Illusion Allusion is a noun that means an indirect response. Illusion is a noun that means a misconception. (4) 5) Amusement Park / Theme Park An amusement park is where people go to have fun with food, rides, and shows. A theme park is an amusement park with a theme, a subject that everything in the park has in common. (4) 6) Alternate / Alternative Alternate is to occur in successive turns; first one, then the other. Alternative means substitute or second choice. (1) 7) Assure / Insure / Ensure Assure means to convince or to guarantee. Ensure means to make certain or make sure. Insure means to guard against loss. * Assure and ensure are often used interchangeably, yet they have to different meanings. You assure someone that something has been done. You ensure that something has been done. (1) 8) Besides / Beside Besides is an adverb that mean also. Beside is a preposition that means next to. (2) 9) Bimonthly / Semimonthly Bimonthly is an adjective that means every two months. Semimonthly means twice a month. (2) 10) Cement / Concrete Cement is the powder in the bag that is used to make concrete. (1) Concrete is the substance made from cement, water, sand and gravel. 11) Cite / Site Cite is a verb that means to quote as an authority or example. Site is a noun meaning location. (2) 12) Cologne / Perfume Cologne is a scented liquid made from alcohol and fragrant oils. Perfume is a quickly evaporating scented oil either obtained from flowers or manmade. (1) 13) Complement / Compliment Complement is a noun or verb that means something that completes or makes up a whole. Compliment is a noun or verb that means an expression of praise or admiration. (3) 14) Connote / Denote Connote is a verb that means to imply or suggest. Denote is a verb that means to indicate or refer to specifically. (4) 15) Continual / Continuous Continual means to be repeated regularly and frequently. (3) Continuous means to be extended or prolonged without interruption. 16) Dinner / Supper A dinner is always the main meal of the day, whether it is eaten at noon or in the evening. A supper is eaten only in the evening whether it is a large or small meal. (4) 17) Discreet / Discrete Discreet means prudent, circumspect, or modest. Discrete means separately or individually distinct. (4) 18) Disinterested / Uninterested Disinterested means unbiased or impartial. Uninterested means not interested or indifferent. (3) 19) Dough / Batter Dough is a thick mixture of flour, liquid, and other ingredients that is usually rolled or shaped into bread and other baked goods. Batter is a thinner mixture than dough and is made of flour and liquid. (4) 20) Envy / Jealousy Envy is the desire to have something that another person has and the

Plato on Education essays

Plato on Education essays Plato, an Athenian philosopher, was the first man to present a theory of education. He was a student of Socrates who influenced much of his work. He is best known for his work entitled The Republic. The main question he entertained regarded justice. Within that discussion of justice, he examines his theory of education. His elitist theory is a systematic one, which concludes that education is for the ruling class. He believed that education and justice are connected. Therefore, with out education, there will be no justice. It is important then to examine what Plato meant by justice. To Plato, justice is the highest social good, an ideal. Plato constructs a perfectly just city. This society, or in Greek, polis is an interconnected, essential community. It is a set of interdependent relationships and activities. Obviously, the basis or foundation of a polis is made up of human beings/human nature. We are by nature, social beings. Plato describes human nature using three statements. "We are not individually independent, but have many wants;" "No two persons are born exactly alike, but each differs from each in natural endowments," and "Each man (person) works at a single occupation, in accordance with his natural gifts" (RPE, 40-1). These statements give us a vision of what human nature is. Plato is saying that we exist in a state of need and that we are not autonomous, nor self-sufficient; we are not complete in and of ourselves. At the same time he is saying that we are different in ter ms of our interests, aptitudes, abilities, etc. I may be great at soccer, but my best friend may be artistically endowed. Plato says that we are different by birth. When I was born, I entered into this world, according to Plato, with a predetermined set of abilities, which makes me who I am. Plato concludes by saying that we are each one person, thus we have one best ability, and it is this best abil...

The Economic Rationale for Road Pricing is Compelling Essay

The Economic Rationale for Road Pricing is Compelling - Essay Example The European Union is studying the marginal cost of pricing in the arena of transportation for about a decade now. The Union funded many ongoing projects in this field. The RAC Foundation handed over the responsibility of determining the mechanisms of motoring taxes to the independent institute of fiscal studies. They were asked to investigate whether the taxes are equitable and justifiable. The report from the institution mentioned the issue of cabotage and stated that the hauliers belonging to the other countries have the potential to deliver goods into the market of UK by paying lower taxes on diesel or ignoring the duty rates of the country (Gillen, 2007, p. 1-2). Road Transport and economics A key role is played by transportation in the economic scenario of today. A term, transport economics is used now to identify the role of transport in economy. The supply is determined by the capacity carriers offer to the travelers while the demand is determined by the number of trips the t ravelers takes within a particular time frame. In order to witness a booming economy it is necessary to maintain a steady system of transport that allows fluent access of goods and services across the country. If the goods get delay because of lacks in transport facilities the profits will fall which will take its toll on the level of efficiency. An efficient transport system will create employment opportunities (Croner, 2012). A vast majority of labor is necessary to carry out the responsibilities of transporting goods to the various places quickly. When the economy is not on its course people are less willing to travel and the economy suffers while in the booming situation frequent traveling not only creates more job opportunities but also contributes in strengthening the transport system. The road transportation is more popular where people tend to find the less costly method of transportation. The road transportation facilities are characterized by monopolistic competition which revolves around the conditions of supply and demand. The products or the services offered in the monopolistic competitive market are same but cannot be substituted. The differentiation in the offered products provides choices for the consumers and the consumers can take the decision on which product they want to avail. This factor acts as the catalysts to drive in more competition into the market as well as new innovations which are less costly and more effective (Seely, 2012, p. 2) The report The report of the IFS recommended a move to a more diverged system of road pricing. The revenues raised as a resultant can be used to reduce the taxes on motor transport. Such a measure is thought to generate sufficient economic gains from reduction in congestion. The measure is also thought to reduce the levied taxes on the majority of driven miles, and leave a certain portion of the motorists in a better off situation as well as provide a stable footing for the taxes on motoring without tak ing any additional measures to raise the net additional benefits from the drivers. The use of roads generates costs that are borne not only by the motorists but also by the wider society. Therefore externalities are accrued to the system of road taxes or the system of road pricing. These externalities suggest that in the absence of effective pricing or taxation policies there is inefficient high level of road use. The taxes have the

Ethics and Morals in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Morals in Criminal Justice - Essay Example ince their inception, these laws have inordinately targeted particular segments of our society, creating a perpetual underclass and left millions of people unable to escape from the criminal justice system. Not only is continuing these kinds of policies politically and economically unsustainable, these laws are ethically shameful. Legalizing and decriminalizing addictive substances, but controlling their distribution as the government does with many other goods, represents the moral and necessary solution to a problem that has persisted through a half of a century. However, inherent to the question of change-from comes the question of change-to; that is, if we are to repeal the War on Drugs and restrictive policies, what is the best solution moving forward? After looking at the kind of economic and normative imperatives we face from our drug policies, the kinds of solutions available in the aftermath of decriminalization shall be made apparent using case studies of other nations who have enjoyed success moving in this progressive direction. Although drug policies are well-intentioned, they do have harmful unintended social and moral consequences. For instance, looking at the economics of addiction, government regulation of addictive substances has large-scale and adverse consequences. The substitution and set-point effects of drugs harm a larger number in the preregulation population (Gifford Jr., 1999). Some authors have found a direct correlation between the Drug War and homicide rates in certain populations. These same studies conclude that empirical results indicate drug-control policy is far more expensive and less prohibitive than expenditures made by the criminal justice system. That is, decriminalization of controlled substances is the only financially stable option (Brumm & Cloninger, 1995). In addition to being a massive liability for the Federal government both militarily and with civilian law enforcement, the War on Drugs is the social costs on

Human Resource Management at Coca Cola

Human Resource Management at Coca Cola Coca-Cola the worlds largest selling soft drink manufacturer came to India for the second time in 1993 revitalizing the Indian soft drink market. Coca-Cola was Indias leading soft drink until 1977 when it was kicked out of India after a new Janata Government ordered the company to turn over its secrets formula for Coca-Cola and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act(FERA). The company refused to oblige the government and preferred to leave the country in 1993. After maintain the government liberalization policy they got back in late 1993. Since, 1993, Coca-Cola India has made significant investments to build and continually consolidate its business in the country including new production facilities, waste water treatment plants, distribution systems and marketing channel. Dabur is a leading consumer goods company, having subsidiary companies and 13 manufacturing plants. It operates in nearly 50 countries, making it an Indian multinational company. The vision of Dabur is stated as Dedicated to health and well being of every household. There is no specific stated mission statement but a statement of strategic intent having several elements for instance: Developing a platform to become a global ayurvedic leader. Synthesising knowledge of ayurvedic and herbs with modern science to develop natural solution for meeting the health and personal care needs. Strategy is the determination of direction of the organization in which it is going in relation to its business environment. That is it is the process of defining intention and allocating and matching resources in order to obtain opportunities and needs undergoes achieve strategic fit among them. The main purpose of the business is to achieve competitive advantages. The strategic capability of the organization is the necessary elements of the effective development and implementation of strategy. HRM practice in any organization, there are three model (High performance management, High commitment management and High involvement management) among them any one can be practiced because according to Becker et al(1997), rightly suggested that What works well in one organization will not necessarily work well in another because it may not fit with its strategy, management style, organizational practicing culture and so on. So the concerning organizations of HRM study of Coca Cola and Dabur in India and considering their Struggling circumstance leads to appraise High performance Management Practice and its rational implication. High performance Management: High performance working involves the development of a number of a interrelated process that together make an impact on the performance of the firm through people in such areas as productivity, quality, levels of customer service, Growth, Profits and ultimately increase the stakeholder and shareholder value. This can be achieved by: Increasing the Employees Skills Enthusiastic engagement of Employee (Stevens, 1998) High performance management practice includes rigorous recruitment and selection procedures, extensive and relevant training and management development activities, incentive pay systems and performance management process. This strategic approach is so rational for the Coca cola and Dabur India as they suffered from low performance of the existing employees which leads their HRM to coop the recruiting fresh talent to replace the good for nothing staff(Coca cola) and to improve the existing employees offering different schemes of motivation for instance Key performance Area to specifically effective performance appraisal in Dabur India. Resource Based Approach: Resource based strategic management is base on the ideas of Penrose (1995), he suggested that a firm is an administrative organization and collection of productive resources. According to Hamel and Prahalad declared in their Resource based Strategic model that competitive advantage is obtained if a firm can obtain and develop human resources that enable the organization to learn faster and apply its learning more effectively than its rival. The benefit arising from competitive advantage based on the effective management of people is that such an advantage is hard to copy by the rival companies. An organizational HR strategic policy and strategy is the blend of process, procedure, personalities of employees and employers, management style, capabilities and organizational culture. Among them on of the keys to competitive advantage is the ability to differentiate what the business supplies to its customers from what is supplied by its competitors. Such differentiation can be achieved th rough having aHR strategy and policy which ensure that The firm has higher quality of people than its competitors The unique intellectual capital possessed by the business is developed and nurtured The organization learning process is encouraged Organization specific value and culture exist which bind organization together and give it focus. (Purcell et al, 2003) The purpose of the resource based HRM strategy id to improve resource capability achieving strategic fit between resources and opportunities and obtaianing added value from the effective deployment of resources. Problems in Coca Cola: As the coca Cola operated its business in competitive business market like in India where competitive rivalry is so highly sensitive. So that after merging with two companies Coca-Cola India and Coca-cola beverage brought 10,000 employees more which made double the number of employees it had in 1998. Though the employees are human capital but improper management of the human resource may raise the ineffective performance which had to face Coca-Cola in North India disruption in march 2000. As the performance of any organization depends on the environment and culture of the organization where they are work with other people so that merging of two company of different culture made massively disoriented culture of work practice not necessarily reduced performance but also tends to regionalization because after merging Hierarchy of the organization was quietly changed based on the Six different regions and every Regional manager are the head of the Region. So that merging caused the dilution of several central jobs and this forced to retire about 1500 of employees at bottling plant. The new line of control strengthened entry among the employees and midd level jobs at the regions and downgraded many at the centre. This lead to unrest among the employee and about 40 junior and middle-level managers and some of them are senior personnels. Solution: The aims of a resource-based approach is to improve resource capability achieving strategic fit between resources and opportunities and obtaining added value from the effective deployment of resources. In the perspective of Coca-cola case study it would be preferable to advice under the crisis moment when four companies merge together and chaos came out . In such circumstances it should be better to adopt resource base approach to better utilization of the existing huge resources as well as maintaining organization culture practical and outstanding. In the other hand in case of Dabur india it can be said that beside the resource based strategy it would be better to emphasize on the High Performance base management strategy to improve the competency of the workforce after all to become competitive business icon . In accordance with the case it has been seen that as the Dabur India is not extensive business resource owner, so that it is so wise to cope with High Performance base management and simultaneously resource based approach as well because resource must be adopt in the strategy of the company to gain better performance. Task 2: The total concept of strategic HRM is envisage on the belief that HR strategies should be integrated with corporate or business strategies. Strategic integration is necessary to provide similarity between business and human resource strategy so that the latter supports the accomplishment of the former and indeed, helps to define it. The aim is to provide strategic fit and consistency between the policy goals of human resource management and the business. (Integrated HRM,2010) There are numerous logical acquaintances and topic subsist stuck between corporate tactics and human resource (HR) strategies. One of the association is the portfolio theory that stand for market growth rate as a purpose alongside relative market share whilst get used to HR strategies and policies based on changing conditions. A further relationship is the value chain which encourage innovation, service quality, responsiveness, and describe the positions for precise businesses. The connection also treats human resources as a significant factor in deceiving business rivalry on an in progress basis. Themes that centred on relation between HR strategy and corporate strategy which are identity, emergence , turbulence ownership and structure as well. The corporate strategy will be found difficulty in action level unless HR strategy will not cope with the goal of the corporate strategy. Coca-Cola and Strategic Alignment: Coca-cola in India decided to get change as a change in corporate strategy by merging of its four bottling operations (Hindustan Coca-Cola, Bottling North west, Hindustan Bottling Coca-Cola Bottling South West, Bharat Coca-Cola North East and Bharat Coca-Cola South East) and two new companies Coca-Cola India ,the corporate and marketing office and Coca-Cola Beverages in 1998. But after merging of four companies of different region of India made massy in working culture which made a significance issue of Human Resource at the Company. The state of cultural discoordination was experienced due to the gap of corporate strategy and interpretation of HR strategy. That emerges the condition experienced after mergers different work culture and different value system After merging Coca Coal had huge employees which was more than the resource operation therefore had to accept the cost reduction drive on the human resources front not only that many executives who were provided accommodation in farm house were asked to shift to less expensive apartments. Also company decided not to buy or hire new cars as it felt that the existing fleet of cars was not being used efficiently. In Dabur India, in the fiscal 1998, 75% of Daburs turnover had come from fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs) and they were not progressing as they wished to.Buoyed by this , the Burman family formulated a new vision in 1999 with an aim to make Dabur Indias best FMCG company by 2004 as corporate strategy. Solution: As the company merges its different bottling operations and obtaining huge human resources (40,000 employees to Coca-Cola doubling the number of employees it had in 1998) under a single umbrella which reflect huge cultural disorientation in the organization as well as distribution of power in the management level felt to change. So that HR introduced hierarchy of that company and divided whole country of operation into six region and each region have got Regional general manager under him one regional functional manager who will report regional general manager. Beside that all Regional manager have to report the VP (Operation) who will report to CEO. To mitigate the organizational cultural chaos and as part of restructure plan , Coca-cola took a strategy level decision to turn itself into a people driven company and to motivate and restore good working cultural environment to inculcate a feeling of belonging, the company gave flowers and cards on the birthdays of the employees and major festivals. All these were the sign of strategic alignment of HR and Corporate strategy (Business goal and therefore merging and cost reduction) and restructuring from HR and establishing organization culture. Due to the problem in business profit and slow progression of Dabur India, HR recruited CEO as an advice from the company hired consultant (Mckinsey) and restructured the organizational hierarchy to meet the organizational objectives such as Customer satisfaction, increased sales and reduce cost, cycle time efficiencym return on investment and shareholder value. And Dabur India tried to makes solution by aligning corporate strategy and HR strategy to meet the organizational objectives Task 3: It has been suggested by Richardson and Thompson(1999) that strategy, whether it is an HR strategy or any other kind of management strategy must have two key elements: there must be strategic objectives, things the strategy is supposed to achieve and ther must be a plan of action,the means by which it is proposed that the objectives will be met. Business Internal HR Strategic Plans HR Implementation Mission External The traditional believe that strategy formulation is a formal, logical, systematic and sequential process. Figure: The sequential approach to formulating HR strategy. A methodology for it was proposed by Dyer and Holder(1998) as follows: Assess feasibility: From an HR point of view, feasibility depends on whether the numbers and types of key people required to make the proposal successes can be obtained on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost. Determine desirability: Examine the implication of strategy in terms of sacrosanct HR policies. Determine goal: These indicate the main issues to be worked on. Decide means of achieving goals: The general rule is that the closer the external and internal fit, the better the strategy, consistent with the need to adapt flexibly to change. Implementing HR Strategies: Strategies tend to be expressed as abstractions but they must be translated into programmes with clearly stated objectives and deliverable. Strategy is traditionally the heart of the human resource managers strategic job. Top management formulate the companys corporate and competitive strategies. Then, manager design strategies, policies and practice that make sense in term of companys corporate and competitive strategies. Human resource management supports strategy execution in other ways. For example, Downsizing and restructuring efforts, out placing employee, cutting pay for performance plans, reducing health care cost and retraining employee. Problems: In Coca-Cola India as they were merged among their different companies therefore that carried forward the employees from different work cultures and different value system. This move towards regionalization which caused dilution of several central jobs with as many as 1500 employees retiring at the bottling plants. Not only that the new line of control strengthened entry and middle level jobs at the regions and downgraded many at the centre. This led to unrest among the employees and about 4o junior and middle level managers and some senior personnel. Dabur India found itself significantly lacking in some critical areas . While Daburs price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio was less than 24, for most of others it was more than 40. The net working capital of Dabur was awhopping Rs. 2.2 billion whereas it was less than half of this figure for the others. Even the return on net worth was round 24% for Dabur as against HLL 52% and Colgates 34%. Solution: Coca-Cola introduced a strategy level decision to turn itself into people driven company to make sense of belongingness within the employees. Moreover, the company introduced a detailed career planning system for over 530 managers in the new set up. The system included talent development meeting at regional and functional levels, following which recommendation were made to the HR council. The council then approved and implemented the process through a central HR team. In Dabur India, to comply with the organizational set objectives, HR introduced a new policy of Performance appraisal where their objective were to Get and make strategy based on the concept that the facts of appraisal had to shift to what a person had achievd , as much as on what he was capable of. Task 4: HR Strategy for a Merger: To develop a successful HR strategy for a merger, the responsible HR organization require timely access to all relevant information. Ideally, HR participates in the evaluation of the potential merger candidate and has an opportunity to perform HR due diligence prior to the merger when the technologies, customers, market and finance are being evaluated. A common double handicap often arise during this phase: First, the HR organization of the acquiring company is often not involved in the evaluation until after a decision for merger has been made, HR is the tasked with executing the merger and handling all HR transactions.(Picot, G. 2002,) Second, merger candidates rarely fully disclose details personnel data, with all its strength and awareness. HR management is therefore often faced with major challenge of developing an HR integration strategy without having a complete overview of all the facts. An effective way to address this situation is to form an HR integration team that bring together HR professionals from both companies as early as possible. This will enable the acquiring company to quickly gain a sound understanding of the HR potential for the merger. Joint HR team can also develop a joint strategy for addressing the changes that every merger inevitably produce when organizational entities are merged or eliminated to optimise responsibilities and capacities. There are two elements dominate the development of an HR strategy: Competence management and cultural management. According to Gut-Villa (1997), describes the four main roles of HR professionals in terms of acquiring or mergers strategy: Strategic partner for top management Administrative expert for personnel administration Employee champion for the needs of employees Change agent for transformation process. Difficulties: Four CEO s within 7 years indicating the instability on strategic level of the Coca-Cola and arch rival Pepsi being stepped forward due to organizational incofidence with their Human Resources and also their key operating strategy, not only that reputation become tarnished to the public which was revealed by the media. All of this accumulated Coca-Cola had to count huge loss $ 52 million in 1999. Due to the merging of companys and huge employees of different regions made the organization in a moment of crisis as the different cultures are mixed in a same place and also management needed to be change in order to have had organizational goal achievement. Solution: The Coca-Cola in India had to go in for a massive restructuring exercise focusing on the companys human resources to ensure a smooth acceptance of the merger and therefore launched six regional basis hierarchy topping a CEO and other motivational approach of belongingness from employees. Task 5: The most popular selection technique in practice are: Interviews: Interviewing is universally popular as aselection tool. According to Torrington et al(2002) interview as a controlled conversation with apurpose but this broad definition encompasse a wide diversity of practice.But over the years have received a relatively bad press as being overly subjective and prone to bias to interviewer aand therefore unreliable predictors of future performance and such criteria are possibly applicable for unstructured interview. There are different type of structured interview but they have common features (Anderson and Shakleton, 1993) The interaction is standardised as much as possible All candidates are asked the same series of questions Replies are rated by the interviewer on preformatted rating scales Dimension for rating are derived from critical aspect of on-the-job behaviour. Another two popular structured interview technique are behavioural (questions are focused on the past behaviour)and situational interview (uses the hypothetical questions like what would you do if you had to deal with a team member who was uncooperative) Telephone Interviewing: The use of telephone interview ing is increasing. The CIPD recruitment survey (CIPD ,2005a) found that 30 percent of all organizations and 45 percent of organization in private sector services use telephone interview as part of these selection process. Telephone interviews used to screen out unsuitable applicants or as an integral part of the selection process (IRS, 2005) Tests: Testing is essentially an attempt to achieve objectivity or to put it more accurately to reduce subjectivity in selection decision making (Lewis, 1985). The type of test used for selection are ability and aptitude test s, intelligence tests and personality questionnaires. Ability test s are concerned with skills and abilities already acquired by an individual where aptitude test focus on an individual potential to undertake specific tasks. Difficulties: As the Coca-Cola merged, there were vast changed took place due to restructuring strategy from HR and to comply with the corporate strategy as a part of cost reduction lots of employee needed to laid off. In Dabur, due to companys lack of expectancy and fulfilment of strategic objectives they had to passed a critical time intervention where they felt a hire of an expert to give strategic vision and guide. Solution: Coca-Cola introduced the laying off strategy to meet the corporate strategy. Dabur India hired Mckinsey Co. at a cost of Rs. 80 million. Mckinseys three fold recommendation were: to concentrate on a few business, to improve the supply chain and procurement process and to reorganize the appraisal and compensation systems. And also according to the advice of Mckensey need of CEO, Daburs recruit a CEO which was the first incident of an outside professional being appointed after the restructuring was put in place Task 6: There are three phase of evaluation of performance appraisal as enlisted below: Performance Management based phase Improving Current Performance Phase Development of Individual phase 1. Performance Management based phase: In this phase, there are two main reasons : either as system to control employees or in order to provide data about employees so that benefits(salary increment and other rewards, promotion, transfer, e.t.c.) can be awarded on a more or less systematic and equitable basis. This system emphasized on control through report generation which are often confidential and not shown to the employee being reviewed being produced annually on all employees and which was kept in their personal life. This system relied on heavily on rating performance usually on predetermined numerical scale and used for gathering information about the potential of employees. The operation such system involved burdensome paper work, time and were often not truly representative of effective performance but which might be done to improve performance either by individual or by the organization. 2. Improving Current Performance Phase: The primary approach in this phase so as to change the way in which employees do their jobs. The emphasis putting on: Reviewing previous performance and result for a given period of time against the plans and commitments generated at a previous appraisal Jointly identifying opportunities and needs for improved performance on the part of the employee, and increasing support for other employees and the organization Agreeing performance standards and the ways they will be monitored and assessed. Identifying significant constraints and obstacles to task implementation and planning ways of coping with these. 3. Development of Individual Phase: This phase focused on providing an opportunity to reflect upon professional practice in a structured way, identifying the training and development needs of individual and groups and seeking to provide opportunities for job and career discussions and counselling. Typically they start by revising the role and job content of the employee and analysing what skills and abilities are needed to meet these and then identifying a=what additional or increased capabilities are required to produce an acceptable outcome. However these system excellent interviewing and interpersonal skills for the employee and the manager. Employee Development: Employee development cultivates employees in line with organization, departmental,and work group needs. According to Nadler(1979), Employee development is concerned with preparing employees so that they can move with the organization as it develops, change and grows. Employee development is not always directly tied to observable, behavioural change. It cultivates individuals so tat their organization and work group collectively possess the competencies essential to meet present responsibilities and prepare for future attempt of the organization by the employee. The objectives for employee development can be achieved through following method: Long-term, informal mentoring programs Long-term, formal mentoring programs. Long-term, formalized transfer or exchange programs across organizations, divisions, departments, work units. Short-term rotation programs Special job assignments Action learning projects Field trips Professional conference Behaviour modelling Think tank experience. (Willium, J. 2003) Employee Reward System: An employee reward system consist of an organizations integrated policies, process and practices for rewarding its employees in accordance with their contribution, skill and competence and their market worth. It is developed within the framework of the organizations reward philosophy, strategies and policies. There are several elements in employee reward system including Base pay,Contingent pay, Allowances, Total earnings, employee benefits, total remuneration, Non-financial rewards. (Armstrong, M.,2004) . Decisions about pay increase are often critical ones in the relationship between employees, their managers and the organization. Individuals express expectation about their pay and about how much of an increase received by other employees. There are several ways to determine pay increase: Performance, seniority, cost of living adjustments, across the board increases and lump sum increase. These methods can be used separately or in combination. Performance-Based Increases: A growing number of employers have shifted to more pay for performance philosophy and startegies. Consequently, they have adopted various means to provide employees with performance based increases. There are several types of performance related pays: Payment by result: payment depends on the values of the output of a group or an individual or out put of units per time basis. Piecework: Its depend of each unit of output. This is the oldest category of performance pay. Organization or Plant wide incentives: This bonus pay depends on the measured quantities or value of the overall establishment output of the plant. Merit Pay: It is based on the assessment of the employees contribution to performance. Performance related pay: this payment based on the performance appraisal of an employees against the seted objectives. There are other form of performance related pay like competence based pay and profit related pay. Problems: According to Arthur Andersons team, Coca-Cola carried out a performance appraisal exercise for 560 managers. This led to resignations en- masse. Around 40 managers resigned between July and November 2000. Coca-Cola also Sacked some employees in its drive to overhaul the HR functioning. By January 2001, the company had shed 70 managers accounting for 12% of the management. Solution: To be a learning organization, Coca-Cola introduced a detailed career planning over 530 managers in the new setup. This system included talent development meetings. Efficient management trainee were to be sent to the overseas office for more responsible position. In order to motivate the employee as well as media rumour, Coca-Colas CEO took step to ensure a smooth relationship with the new people in the company. He personally met the finance heads in every territory and made the companys policy plan clear to them. To meet the corporate objectives HR changed the performance appraisal system and to increase employee satisfaction level, Dabur identified certain key performance areas(KPAs) for each employee where performance appraisal and compensation planning were now based on KPAs and employee training was also given a renewed focus, As a facts of motivation Dabur introduced Daburs employee friendly initiatives included annual sales conferences at places like Mauritius . These conferences, attended by over hundred sales executives of the company, combined both work and play aspects for better employee morale and performance. Task 7: Learning Organization: A learning organization is one that continually improve by rapidly creating and refining the capabilities required for future success(Wick and Leon,1995). According to Senge, Learning organization is that where people continually expand their capacity to create the result they truly desire where new and expansive pattern of thinking are nurtured where collective aspiration is set free and where people are continually learning how to learn together. Kandola and Fullerton (1994) proposed a model which reflects the importance of the learning organization and its rational practice in business: Shared Vision: It enables the organization to identify, respond to and benefit from future opportunity. Empowering management: Empoewering the managers and employees in varied extent improve the performance. Enabling structure: organizational structure and its related knowledge aware the employees about their duties and responsibilities according to their hierarchy or organizational structure. Supportive culture : which reveals the expression of the employees, opinion ship, liberty in speech may be the practice of the organization which make the culture of the favourable working organization. Motivated workforce: Learning organization is to learn employess how to be knowledgeable about their right and wants to learn continuously. Enhanced learning: process and policies exist to encourage learning amongst all employees. Knowledge Management: Knowledge management is any process or practice of creating, acquiring , capturing. Sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learning and performance in organizations(Scarborouogh Swan and Preston,1999). Knowledge management is concern with both stock and flows of knowledge. Stock included expertise and encoded knowledge in computer system. Flows represent the ways in which knowledge is transferred from one people to another people or from one people to data base. It involves transforming knowledge resources by identifying relevant information and then disseminating it so that learning can be take place. In practice of knowledge management the strategis promote the sharing of knowledge by linking

Critical Response to “The Crucible” by Arthur Miller Essay

From its ominous opening, to its dad ending, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller is a play driven by fear and desire, mirroring the McCarthy trials of the Communist hating 1950s. Though its set in 1692, the tone of the play and the themes of intolerance, hysteria, and ruined reputation were very prominently felt during 1953, when the play was published. The title, and the actual item of a crucible, suggests something seemingly solid melting away under immense stress. The hard structure of society in puritanical America and the spotless reputations of many good folk melt away to nothing in the fire of fear and trials caused by accusations of witchcraft. Miller uses the imagery of the crucible in the play also, in a quote from Mr. Danforth, We burn a hot fire here, it melts down all concealment, though what ends up being revealed is the fear and intolerance that control their society. The protagonist, John Proctor, has before the opening if the play had and ended an affair with the Antagonist, Abigail Williams. In this telling of the beginning of the witch trials, it is Abigails desire for revenge that leads the girls into the woods to perform a magic spell against Johns wife Elizabeth. It is dialogue between Abigail and John, and later dialogue of the confession of some of the girls, which reveals the affair between them and Abigails deep desire to have John back at any cost. John is attempting to right his wrong in the affair between himself and Abigail, but spurning her only causes more tension. When Abigail cannot easily win john back, and faces punishment for her actions in the woods, she turns the towns fear of witchcraft and the girls hysteria into her own device for revenge, at any cost. The playwright reveals the depth of his characters; Abigails ruthlessness, Johns remorse, and Elizabeths faith, through dialogue. Parentheticals within the text reveal ton e and motivation behind simple words said, from emotion words such as enraged to the simple act of a character folding their hands or sitting. Miller has worked in these small gestures and nuances in his lines, giving each character a subtext. The characters change as the plot progresses, Abigail goes from dismissing the girls hysteria to using it for her own ends to nearly buying into it herself, beating and hurting herself convinced that what she is doing will win John back and save them both. We see Abigails maniacal conviction in her own motivations in the scene between her and John alone in the forest.  Abigail is convinced John still wants her and will do anything, even accuse him of witchcraft in the end, to have John for herself and no one else. The conflict between Abigail and John mirrors the larger conflict of the play between the real truth and the truth society in its fear wants to believe. Abigail greed and covetousness is that of their society, and Johns struggle to do the right thing is the plight of the honest man within that society, caught by the tide of accusation. Each new action within the play such as the initial accusation, the meetings of Abigail and John, and the confession of Mary Warren drive the characters in different ways, and their reactions to those actions create a domino effect that further drives the plot and action of the play. THE CRUCIBLE does not have a happy conclusion, Abigail run away from the horror she has caused and John, along with many other honest people, dies at the hands of the supposed saviors of their society. But a play such as this, and the lesson it teaches, does not need a happy ending. In his play, Arthur Miller has held up a dark mirror to the society of that time and his own, showing how fear and intolerance can kill innocent people, and people who tout right and just motivations can be the real vehicles of destruction that they seek to stamp out. Source: Miller, Arthur. THE CRUCIBLE. Dramatist Play Service, 1982.

Discuss Nick Hornby s presentation of Marcus in chapters 1-10 of ‘About a Boy’ Essay

Nick Hornby’s novel, ‘About a boy’ is a story about two boys. A 12 year old, named Marcus, who has a suicidal mother. And a 36 year old child-like-man called Will Freeman. Will, has never worked in his life, he was been living of the royalties of a song that his father had wrote for Christmas, over 70 years ago. Marcus is very much a ‘mummy’s boy.’ He is so close to his mother that his taste in music and clothes are identical. When he starts his new school, he realises that he is an easy target for bullies as his hair is cut ‘dodgy’ by his mum and he has a tendency to sing aloud in class†¦. When we see Marcus in chapter one, we see a naive teenager. On the very first page of the book, Marcus’ mum Fiona suffers from a break up. â€Å"Have you spilt up now?† This very quote shows the naivete of Marcus. This childish questions, suggest that Marcus has not developed any level of maturity and has no means of comforting his mother. However, with this in mind, Marcus has a very logical way of thinking, and there are there are two valid reasons for this bold statement. When we do see the break up incident, Marcus realises that when people begin to do things together (almost like a family) they should gel and stay together. â€Å"He’d once shared a toilet with Roger, when they were both busting for a pee after a car journey. You’d think that if you’d peed with someone you ought to keep in touch with them somehow.† This logical thinking by Marcus suggest that he had thought about future with his mum and Roger, and that Roger would stay because of the family relationship that they all shared. The second reason why I believe he has a logical process is the pizza incident happens. When the break up argument began, they had just orders three pizzas. As we know Marcus and Fiona are ‘vegetarians’, but Roger wasn’t, so one of the pizza contained peperoni. â€Å"We’ll throw it away then?† Fiona suggests, but Marcus being Marcus, he promotes that they should â€Å"Pick the peperoni off.† This suggests that instead of throwing away a perfectly good pizza, Marcus thinks that they can still eat the pizza without the peperoni topping. Although Marcus is still very naive, we see a very different side of Marcus on the very past page of chapter 1. He is very protective of his mum. When they have fished eating and arguing, Marcus finds the TV remote and â€Å"Zapped through the channels. He didn’t want to watch any of the soaps, because soaps were full of trouble, and he was worried that the trouble in the soaps would remind his mum of the trouble she had in her own life.† This quote suggests that because of his mother’s break up’s and troubles, he did not want the TV reminding her of anything, which really shows how protective he is over his mother. Marcus has just moved house, which unfortunately means he starts a new school. In the first few chapters, we see life for Marcus in school, and it wasn’t going to be easy. He is different from his peers. There times in the book, which really shows how apart he is from everyone. Firstly, he arrives for school. EARLY. Not a typical act from a teenager. â€Å"He got to school early, went to the form room, sat down at his desk.† This is one of vey first examples, of why he is very different. Not many teenagers would willingly want to come to school early. The way he dresses, and the way he looks is another issue. â€Å"He was usually wearing the wrong shoes or the wrong trousers, and his haircut was wrong all the time.† This would mean that he would be an easy target for bullies. However, worst is still to come. â€Å"A song had slipped out yesterday during English.† When he had an English lesson, Marcus unexpectedly sang a song whilst the teacher was reading. As a kid, this really ‘sealed the deal’ for Marcus. Luckily, Marcus had found a few friends who were also outsiders like him. They were Nicky and Mark. Marcus meet them by an after school computer club. However, their relationship with each other was very timid. â€Å"He was being left out deliberately† Marcus was waiting his turn on the Gameboy, at this point in the book. Although he hasn’t done anything wrong, he was still singled out. Suddenly, things to a turn for the worse for their relationship. At lunchtime, a few bullies, who had been tormenting Marcus before, came up to Marcus and his friends, and began insulting them. When they had gone, Mark spoke out and said. â€Å"Marcus, we don’t want you hanging around with us anymore.† This shocked Marcus. He knew that if they were to hang out with him, they would all get bullied. These so called ‘friends’ that Marcus had, had been unsupportive and nothing like Marcus. This shows how different Marcus really is; he cannot fit in with people who are so similar to him. As have mentioned before, Marcus is overprotective over his mum, because of their closeness and the strong relationship they have. In the fifth chapter, we see Marcus worrying about his mother. This is caused by the constant crying habit his mom has developed. This had frightened him. â€Å"One Monday morning his mother started crying before breakfast, and it frightened him.† In this scenario in the book, Marcus understands that his mum is going through a tough time but he does not know what to say or do. â€Å"He didn’t know what to say.† So instead, when we went for his weekly shop, he stuck to the ‘economy sized packets of cereal, because he knew that is he had brought banded name, then his mum would be angry. This again shows how protective he is over his mum. With this in mind, he had realised that there was â€Å"an advantage of her terrible depression.† Without her knowing he bought the branded ‘Coco-Pops.† This shows that he was still taking advantage out of his mother’s sadness. In the final few page of chapter 7 we see an intense moment between Marcus and Fiona. Marcus finally confronts Fiona about her constant depression and the fact the she hasn’t been looking after him. â€Å"All you do is make my meals and I could do that. The rest of the time you just cry. That’s†¦ that’s no good. That’s no good to me.† This shows that Fiona does not know how to look after a child. However, Marcus does not help or resolve the matter; instead he heads off to his room. â€Å"He went upstairs to his room and played NBA Basketball with the earphones on.† This shows a level of immaturity and a certain lack of social skill. Fiona claims that â€Å"we’re not doing each other any good† to Marcus. This again is more evidence to prove that Fiona simply cannot look after Marcus. When we see Will in chapter eight, he describes Marcus as being â€Å"the weird kid.† Will thinks this about Marcus because of the way he acts. For example, when they were at the back of a car together, Marcus began ‘humming tunelessly’. This would not be a normal act performed by a teenager, and this led Will into believing he is strange. There is more evidence for Will to believe Marcus is weird. â€Å"‘You know Michael Jackson, right? He makes a million pounds a minute,’ said the weird kid.† When Marcus said this, Will thought he was making things up, which again led Will to believing he is weird. At the park, Marcus accidently killed a duck in the lake. In this part of the book, Marcus changes his mind about Will in a matter of minutes, from despising him, and then realising that he was one his side. â€Å"Who did this Will think he was?† Will was trying to be sarcastic about the matter, but Marcus, did not find it funny. Then, all of a sudden â€Å"Marcus looked up at him; maybe he didn’t hate him after all.† Will then made the incident look like it had affected them in front of the park-keeper. Marcus had changed his view about him, in a flash, without him doing anything. All of this suggests that Marcus has mixed opinions on will, on moment he is the hero, and the next he is just a stranger, In chapter nine, we sadly see a suicide attempt from Fiona. The events leading up to this moment, is very intense. On the day of the suicide attempt, Marcus is at Regent Park for a picnic with Suzie and Will. Whilst Will and Suzie were talking, Marcus was feeding the ducks, with loaf hard bread that Fiona had made, he had then accidently thrown the whole loaf in to the lake and a killed a duck. Hence the ‘Dead duck day.’ All of a sudden Marcus could see Fiona across the lake waving and smiling at him, he turned around to tell Suzie but when he looked back she was gone. â€Å"It was then that Marcus saw-or thought he saw-his mum. She was standing in front of them, blocking the path, and she was smiling. He waved and turned around to tell Suzie that she’d turned up, but when he looked back his mum wasn’t there.† This part of the book is based on symbolism. I think it represents symbolism because there is a link between what happened with the Dead duck and the fact that she was there, meant that it was a way of saying bye to Marcus. It was almost like a premonition for Marcus, that something was about to happen. â€Å"A new part of his life began, bang, without any warning at all.† When I saw this part in the book, it really surprised me. I wasn’t aware of how Fiona was so depressed, that caused her to a terrible act like this. As a reader, I would say that Fiona’s depressions was only recognised as just her crying most the time, I was not sure she would have gone to that greater length, and commit suicide. It is obvious that Marcus was hit hard by the fact that his mother had committed suicide. At the end of chapter nine, it reads â€Å"he knew the moment he walked in that it was something he’d have to think about forever.† At this point in the book, we see Marcus’ character really open out. This continues as we read on. When they reach the hospital, Marcus is in the waiting room, reflecting on other people troubles and compares this to his mum. â€Å"My mum’s not like these people. Supposing they think she is, though?† he believes that the hospital might treat her as being just a normal druggy.